美国“电子传闻证据例外”的提出及其预期影响

“Exception to Electronic Hearsay Evidence” Proposal in the United States and its Expected Impact

随着网络技术的发展,数字化交流模式越来越普遍,而诉讼领域也出现越来越多的电子证据。在美国,既有的传闻证据规则将大量有效的电子证据排除出外,导致案件裁断者失去了许多全面了解案情真实的机会。"电子传闻证据例外"(e Hearsay Exception)的提出旨在解决这一问题,将有价值的可靠的电子传闻证据从带有偏见或内容模糊的电子证据中过滤出来,赋予其可采性。"电子传闻证据例外"以"最近获知例外"(Statement of Recent Perception Exception)为基础,将适用的对象限定为描述最近事项的、非基于诉讼目的的、非匿名的陈述。这一例外的创设能够有效促进三类传闻陈述(出庭证人的传闻陈述、不能出庭的被害人的传闻陈述、不能出庭的证人的传闻陈述)进入案件裁断者的考量视野。

With the development of Internet technology,digital communication is growing increasingly common, so does electronic evidence in lawsuits. In the United States, the existing hearsay rule excludes large amount of effective electronic evidence, resulting in the failure to comprehensively understand the truth behind a case. 'Exception to Electronic Hearsay Evidence' proposal aims to solve this problem, extracting valuable and reliable electronic hearsay evidence from biased or vague content and giving it admissibility. 'Exception to Electronic HearsayEvidence'is based on Statement of Recent Perception Exception and applies to statements which are descriptive of recent events, not based on the purpose of litigation, and non-anonymous. This effectively takes three kinds of hearsay into consideration(hearsay statements of witnesses in court, hearsay statements from victims who are unable to appear in court, hearsay statements from witnesses who are unable to appear in court).