P2X7受体与糖尿病视网膜病变

P2X7 receptor and diabetic retinopathy

P2X7受体是一种重要的凋亡调控受体,是嘌呤受体家族中的一员,也是ATP活化的配体门控离子通道的调节者.它在中枢和外周神经系统中对介导兴奋性神经递质起重要作用.P2X7受体广泛表达于视网膜多种细胞表面.研究显示,P2X7受体在糖尿病视网膜病变中过度激活,参与糖尿病视网膜病变的发生及发展.一方面,P2X7受体过度激活所致的嘌呤血管毒性,可导致视网膜血流减少和血管功能的紊乱;另一方面,P2X7受体活化可导致大量炎性因子的产生,引起局部炎性细胞浸润,形成血管炎性微环境,构成糖尿病视网膜病变发生、发展的病理生理基础.

P2X7 receptor,an important apoptosis regulatory receptor,is a member of the purinergic receptor family and a regulator of the ligand gated ion channel activated by ATP.P2X7 plays an important role in meditating excitatory neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system.The expression of P2X7 receptor has been demonstrated in most types of cells in the retina.Studies have shown that excessive activation of P2X7 receptor involves in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.In one hand,purinergic vasotoxicity caused by excessive activation of P2X7 receptor can lead to the reduction of retinal blood flow and vascular dysfunction.On the other hand,P2X7 receptor activation may result in the production of a large number of inflammatory cytokines,causing local inflammatory cell infiltration and the formation of vascular inflammatory microenvironment,which constitute the pathophysiological basis for the development of diabetic retinopathy.