由表现主义艺术哲学引发的三个争论

The Three Arguments Arising from Expressionist Art Philosophy

表现主义对现代西方美学的发展产生了深远影响,引发了现代艺术哲学中重要的三个争论。一是引发了表现与模仿的主次之争,既没有"完全等同"的模仿,也没有纯粹抽象的表现,艺术是表现与模仿的统一,强调艺术表现情感而不是模仿自然更加具有积极意义。二是引发了艺术自律与艺术他律之争,艺术自律是艺术他律的基础,艺术即直觉即表现彰显了艺术的自律性,坚持艺术自律需要正确看待艺术与道德的关系,艺术家负着不可推卸的道德责任。三是引发了艺术可否分类之争,艺术分类是一个复杂的美学问题,具有重要的审美价值,对艺术进行分类要注重三个原则,即普遍性与特殊性统一、历史性与时代性统一和规律性与独创性统一。

Expressionism has far-reaching effect on m odern w estern aesthetics, w hich arouse three im portant argu-m ents in m odern art philosophy. O ne is the contest for superiority betw een expression and im itation. T here is no“identi-cal”im itation or sim ple abstract expression. A rt is the dialectical unity of expression and im itation;to strengthen the fact that art expresses em otion rather than im itation is of m ore active m eaning. T he second is that it arouse the contest be-tw een art-discipline and art heteronom y. A rt heteronom y is the basis of art-discipline. A rt is intuition and intuition is ex-pression, w hich m anifests the self-discipline of art. Insisting art is self-discipline need consider the relationship betw een art and m orality correctly,in w hich artists bare com pelling obligations. T he third is the contest w hether art can be classi-fied. T he classification of art is a com plicated aesthetic problem that is of im portant aesthetic value. T here are three prin-ciples w hich need to be paid attention to, nam ely, the unity betw een universality and specificity;the historic and e-pochal unity;and the unity betw een regularity and ingenuity.