我国社会转型期农村社区选举中的宗族影响及对策——基于55个农村社区的调查研究

The Impact of Rural Clan on Community Election and Countermeasures during the Social Transformation——Based on Survey Research of 55 Rural Communities

社会转型的当前,宗族传统因素对农村社区民主政治的影响是一个不争的事实。农村社区选举是村民自治的关键,是村民最容易、最直接行使的权利,也是宗族施加影响最激烈的方面。宗族是农村社区选举中重要的政治资源。宗族参与农村社区干部选举的全过程,社区主要干部的选任在一定程度上取决于宗族力量的强弱。社会转型及其所导致的农村社区空巢、农村社区经济发展差异,以及候选人所在宗族的政治经济背景和县乡政府行为差别决定了宗族对农村社区选举的影响程度不同。宗族参与农村社区选举的泉源在于民主意识增强、利益诉求、宗族意识、面子观念等。政府应尊重农村社区"聚族而居"的现实,正视宗族血缘纽带关系对农村社区选举的作用,合理利用、积极引导、有效改造宗族,促进农村社区民主政治的良性发展。

W ith the social transform ation,today the im pact of clan tradition factors on the rural com m unity dem ocra-cy is an indisputable fact. R ural com m unity election is the key to villagers’ autonom y. It is villagers’ easiest and the m ost direct exercise of rights, but also the m ost intense aspects that clan influences. T he clan is an im portant political resource of the rural com m unity election. T he clan participates in the w hole process of the rural com m unity cadre elec-tion. T he key com m unity cadres m ainly depend on the pow er of the clan. T he social transition and the it’s result of ru-ral com m unity em pty nest, the rural com m unity econom y developm ent difference, and the candidates’ clan background of political and econom ic,the governm ent’s behavior determ ine the influence degree of the clan to rural com m unity elec-tion. T he source of clan participation in rural com m unity election is pursuit of interests,clan consciousness and the con-cept of face. T he governm ent should respect the rural com m unity reality of“clan living together”,face the effect of clan blood ties to the rural com m unity election, utilize rationally, guide actively and transform effective in order to prom ote the sound developm ent of the rural com m unity dem ocracy.