《说文》段注“谶”义疏证

Inquiry into Duan Yu-cai's Interpretation of “Chen” in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu

段玉裁《说文解字注》用以具体说明"谶"之含义的"有征验之书,河、洛所出书曰谶"十二字,实为李善所增益,并非许慎原文。是故,当前学界普遍存在的那种径据段氏之说以厘定"谶纬"涵义、择取相关文献的研究方式,或有不察之失。从语源学角度看,"谶"之本义是指与普通民众吉凶祸福相关的、无需经由相关中介程序便可知晓天意的占验类型,因此有别于那种必须通过特定仪式方能推知天意的占验类型。而许慎以"验"释"谶",未能昭显"谶"的本质特征及其内涵之独特性。

Li Shan added in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu the words explaining the meaning of ＂Chen＂. It is not reasonable for Duan Yu-cai to regard these words as from the original text of Xu Shen＇s Shuo Wen Jie Zi. The present research methods in the interpretation of the ＂Chen＂and selection of Chen Wei＇s documents as the basis for research are open to question. From the perspective of etymology,the original meaning of ＂Chen ＂ is the forecast types associated with the good or ill luck of the people and the interpretation of the gods＇ intentions without mediation procedure. It is only a kind of ＂Yan＂. Although Xu Shen＇s view that the meaning of the ＂Chen＂is ＂Yan＂is universal,it cannot well reveal the unique connotation of ＂Chen＂.