社区60岁以上人群慢性病患病情况及与健康相关行为的关系

The relationship between the chronic disease and health related behavior more than 60 years of age people

目的:调查蚌埠市60岁以上人群慢性病患病情况,分析健康相关行为的作用。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在蚌埠市城市社区抽取60岁以上城市居民1 124人,农村社区抽取60岁以上农村居民1 157人。经过专门培训的调查员使用《社区居民健康相关行为问卷》《社区居民慢性病患病情况问卷》等,在社区工作人员的陪同下入户进行一对一调查,分析不同人口社会学方面慢性病患病的差异;采用logistic回归分析人口社会学资料和健康相关行为对慢性病患病情况的影响。结果:调查人群患有高血压887例(43.2%),糖尿病251例(12.2%),慢性阻塞性肺疾病268例(13.1%),脑卒中345例(16.8%),其他慢性病552例(26.9%)。在单因素分析的基础上进行多因素logistic回归分析表明,高血压患病的风险因素是城市社区、丧偶、其他婚姻状况、吸烟、经常饮酒,口味适中、口味轻、体育锻炼和主动健康体检可降低患高血压风险;糖尿病患病的风险因素是城市社区、吸烟,体育锻炼降低患病风险;慢性阻塞性肺疾病的风险因素是男性、年龄、丧偶、其他婚姻状况、吸烟、已戒烟和经常饮酒;脑卒中的风险因素是城市社区、丧偶、吸烟和经常饮酒,与老伴一起生活、与子女一起生活、与老伴和子女一起生活、居住条件、偶尔饮酒、吃早餐和体育锻炼降低患脑卒中风险;其他慢性病的风险因素是男性、丧偶、其他婚姻状况、吸烟、经常饮酒,居住条件已戒烟、偶尔饮酒、口味适中、吃早餐和体育锻炼降低患病风险。结论:社区、性别、年龄、婚姻状态、居住条件、与谁一起生活等人口社会学因素以及吸烟、饮酒、饮食口味、体育锻炼、是否主动体检等健康相关行为对蚌埠市60岁以上人群慢性病的患病情况有影响。

Objective： To investigate the chronic disease in more than 60 years of age people and analyze the influence of health related behavior. Methods： One thousand one hundred and twenty-four elder people from city and 1 157 elder people from village of Bengbu were employed using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The residents were investigated using ＂ Health Related Behavior Questionnaire＂ and ＂ Chronic Disease Questionnaire＂. The difference of the chronic disease of demographic-sociological point of view was analyzed using Chi-square test. The effects of demographic-sociology and health related behaviors on the chronic disease were analyzed using logistics regression analysis. Results： Two thousand and fifty-two valid questionnaires were withdrew,the effective rate of which was 90. 0%,the respondents included 1 065 from city people（ 51. 9%） and 987 from the rural community（ 48. 1 %）,1 017 man（ 49. 6%） and 1 035 women（ 50. 4%）. The respondents age was（ 69. 17 ± 7. 132） years old,which included 1 141 people aged 60 years more（ 55. 6%）,713 people aged 70 years more（ 34. 7%） and 198 people aged 80 years more（ 9. 6%）. The respondents included hypertension in 887 people（ 43. 2%）,diabetes in 251 people（ 12. 2%）,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 268 people（ 13. 1%）,stroke in 345 people（ 16. 8%） and other chronic diseases in 552 people（ 26. 9%）. Logistic regression analysis showed the urban community,widowhood,other marital status,smoking and frequent alcohol drinking were the risk factors of hypertension,while the moderate and light taste,physical exercise and the willingness to conduct physical examination could reduce the risk of hypertention. The urban community and smoking were the risk factors of diabetes,While physical exercise could reduce the risk of diabetes. The gender,age,widowhood,other marital status,smoking,abstaining from smoking and frequent alcohol drinking were the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（ COPD）,the living conditions and the physical exercise could reduce the resk of COPD. The urban community,widowhood,smoking and frequent alcohol drinking were the risk factors of stroke,while the living with spouse,living with children,living with spouse and children,living condition,occasional drinking,eating breakfast and physical exercise could reduce the risk of stroke. The males,widowed,other marital status,smoking and frequent alcohol drinkng were the risk factors of other chromic diseases,while the smaking cessation,accasional drinkng,moderate flavor,eating breakfast and doing exercises could reduce the risk of other chronic diseases. Conclusions： The demographic sociological factors（ such as community,gender,age,marital status and living condition） and health-related behaviors（ such as smoking,drinking,diet taste,physical exercises and the willingness to conduct physical examination） can affect the chronic diseases in more than 60 years of age people.