洛克论同一性

Locke's concept of identity

同一性概念是个人同一性研究的理论前提。在对个人同一性问题的讨论中,洛克强调个人同一性的标准在于意识而非心灵实体或物质实体的同一性。鉴于洛克的这一立场,研究者们试图使用相对同一性的概念来解读洛克的同一性理论,从而避免"个人"与"实体"两个概念之间的理论张力。本文结合洛克的文本来澄清其所主张的类名依赖论题,并论证了洛克主张绝对同一性理论;而个人同一性的标准之所以不在于实体的同一性,乃是因为个人是复合体。

The concept of identity is an essential theoretical prerequisite for studying personal identity. In the analysis of the problems concerning personal identity,John Locke emphasizes the identity of consciousness rather than soul or material substance. In the contemporary studies on Locke,scholars often use the theory of relative identity to interpret Locke's concept of identity in order to suppress the tension between the concept of person and that of substance.This paper explicates the distinction between D-thesis and R-thesis,and argues that Locke adopts the absolute theory of identity,while the significant difference between personal identity and the identity of substance results from the ontological status of person.