农村学生营养改善措施的成本—效益分析:以校园种菜为例

Cost-benefit and Application of Nutrition Improvement Measures in Rural School Campus: Campus Vegetable Project

目的:评估校园种菜的成本-效益,探讨其在农村学生营养改善中的作用,为农村学校因地制宜地开展校园经济提供参考依据。方法:采用问卷调查收集校园种菜的成本、产量和收益等信息;通过与校长访谈,了解开展校园种菜的总体情况;实地考察学校食堂和菜地,了解学生就餐情况以及在校园种菜项目中的受益情况。结果:校园种菜可降低学校食堂的经费支出。种植0.07hm2蔬菜需投入成本为3 970元,净效益为1 030元。种菜学校提供200g蔬菜的成本为0.3元,比直接购买节省0.3元。每0.07hm2能满足31名学生一学年、每日400g的蔬菜需求。用近0.87hm2的地种菜,能满足大规模学校(800人)学生一学年、每人每日200g的蔬菜需要。结论:在农村学校开展蔬菜种植,既能减少学校食堂的经费支出,还能增加学生新鲜蔬菜的摄入量,弥补其微量营养素摄入不足,可在农村学校开展并推广。

【Objective】To evaluate the cost-benefit and the application of the campus vegetable project to improve students,nutrition in rural areas to provide references for nutrition improvement in rural schools. 【Method】We conducted school surveys and interviewed the headmasters to learn about the cost,output,and benefit of the campus vegetable project and visited the mess hall and the vegetable garden to know further about students＇ meals and the benefit from this project.【Result】Campus planting was a profitable project. The cost of planting one acre of land was 3 970 yuan,net benefit was 1 030 yuan. The cost of providing 200 g vegetable was 0. 3 yuan,which saved 0. 3 yuan compared with direct purchasing from markets. Per acre land could meet 31 students＇ vegetable requirements per year（ 200 d）. Nearly 13 acres of vegetables planting were needed to fill all the students＇ vegetables intake gap in a large school peryear（ 800 students,200 g / d）.【Conclusion】Developing vegetable compus planting in rural schools could increase students＇ intake of fresh vegetables and make up for the insufficient micronutrient intake,which could be carried out and promoted in rural schools.