儿童慢性肾脏病性别差异的流行病学研究

Epidemiological study of chronic kidney disease with children of gender difference

目的 通过流行病学调查探讨兰州地区儿童慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）的尿液异常率病率和性别差异.方法 收集初中一年级12 ～ 13岁儿童的中段晨尿,采用尿十项试纸条做快速尿液比对筛查.结果 本研究共纳入调查儿童3 972名,总的尿液异常率为14.9％,其中男性为12.8％（313/2442）,女性为18.2％（279/1 530）,男女间差异有统计学意义（x2=21.77,P＜0.01）.在12 ～ 13岁年龄段儿童中,女性较男性的尿液异常检出率更高.女性血尿和白细胞尿检出率较男性明显升高（12.3％vs.1.7％,x2值分别为17.52,7.95,P均＜0.01）.但在女性中,其血尿与血尿合并蛋白尿的异常率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 大样本量人群流行病学调查发现,兰州地区12～13岁年龄段儿童的CKD尿液异常率筛查,男女之间存在性别差异,主要表现为女性血尿和白细胞尿检出率显著高于男性.

Objective To investigate the positive ratio of urine and gender difference of chronic kidney disease（CKD） with children in Lanzhou,a heavy pollution and underdeveloped city in northwest of China.Methods Through the Multistix 10 SG,the morning urine of the children were detected,which aged from 12 to 13 years old.Results The positive ratio of urine was 14.9% in subjects,18.2% in girls and 12.8 % in boys respectively.Furthermore,the positive ratio in girls showed statistically significant higher than boy＆#39;s.（x2 =21.77,P 〈 0.01）.Espcially,the ratios of hematuria and pyuria significantly increased in girls （x2 =17.52,P 〈 0.01;x2=7.95,P 〈 0.01）.Conclusion The gender difference of the positive rate of urine was existed in our large samples.And there is a higher prositive rate of hematuria and pyuria in the girls.This investigation will enrich the epidemiological data of CKD in children（12 ～ 13 years old）in Lanzhou city.