中国能源效率偏低的解释:技术无效抑或配置无效

The Explanation for the Low Energy Efficiency of China:Allocation Inefficiency or Technology Inefficiency

大量研究表明中国的能源利用效率处于较低的水平,然而对能源利用低效的解释却存在较大争议。因此本文通过构建要素影子价格将价格信息引入到全要素能源非效率的分解框架,并利用面板Tobit模型来进一步探析中国能源利用效率偏低的原因,研究发现:中国全要素能源非效率从1998年到2010年有一定程度的改善,但是这种改善主要来源于配置无效的降低,而技术无效则呈现出逐年增加的趋势;环境管制的加强、市场化进程和经济水平的提高对能源效率有明显的改善,而经济结构重型化、能源资源禀赋和工业产业占比增加等对能源效率有明显负效应。

As for the Low efficiency of energy input in China,the paper builds the framework of total-factor energy inefficiency（ TFEI） including inputs＇ shadow price,and the panel tobit model is used to explain the very reason. The calculation of TFEI shows that： China＇s TFEI has been improving from 1998 to 2010 which mainly results from the declining of the allocation inefficiency,however,the degradation of the technology inefficiency causes huge resistance for the improvement of TFEI. Further,the panel tobit model reveals that the improvement of TFEI are mainly from the strength of environmental regulation and the acceleration of marketization and the increasing economics,but the heavier economic structure and the energy endowment and the more proportion of the second industry have been stopping the declination of TFEI.