不平衡发展、阶级冲突、生产关系重构——关于马克思恩格斯发展理论的研究

The Imbalanced Development,Class Conflict,and the Reconstruction of Productive Relations: On Marx and Engels' s Theory of Development

马克思、恩格斯特别关注发展问题,但他们并不是单纯地从经济角度来思考发展问题的,而是从资本主义在全球的发展状况以及由此产生的阶级冲突、生产关系的重构等来思考各国的发展的。由于资本主义体系发展的不平衡性,使资本主义体系中产生了多层次性的国际政治经济关系,因而资本主义体系内的阶级冲突就不可避免,在此基础上则是资本主义生产关系的重构,反过来又加剧了资本主义体系发展的不平衡性。但是,这样一个不平衡发展的体系却创造了人类社会进一步发展的前提性基础,它为更高的社会制度创造了坚实的物质条件。也正是在这样的前提之下,马克思、恩格斯认为,资本主义对人类社会发展来说是有重要的积极意义的。

Marx and Engels lay keen emphasis on the issue of development. Rather than simply from the perspective of economy,they consider it in terms of the global development of capitalism as well as related class conflict and the reconstruction of productive relations. Due to the imbalanced development in the capitalist system,multi-layer political and economic relations exist in the capitalist system at the international level,which makes class conflict in the capitalist system inevitable,and the consequent reconstruction of capitalist productive relations intensifies the imbalanced development in the capitalist system in turn. However,such an imbalanced system has created the premise for the further development of human society,and lays a solid material foundation for a more advanced social system. Hence,Marx and Engels believe that capitalism has positive significance to the development of human society.