赶上自前驱 椽笔纾国难——再论张恨水小说创作之抗战转化

Keep Abreast with the Pioneers and Put to Pen a Nation's Calamity: Re-discussing the Transformation of Zhang Henshui's Novels Towards the Anti-Japanese War

抗日战争的洗礼加速了张恨水由旧融新的文学转型。梳理张恨水小说创作之抗战转化的全过程,具体探讨他从思想意识、创作主题到技术手法与体式文本全覆盖式的成功改良,可以发现张恨水通过与新文学家的交流、批评以及自己富有智慧的独立思考,提出了一系列有价值的理论:既要赶上时代,又要面向"赶场",落实文艺大众化实效;既要吸收外来文化,又要保留传统文化精华,两副重担必须交流;既要正面颂扬抗战,又要揭露不利抗战之种种因素;既要杜绝低级媚俗的趣味主义,又要坚持思想性与艺术性兼容有益的"趣味"的统一。抗战转型使张恨水与新文学家同向平行,实现了创作与读者的沟通、古今中外与雅俗的融通。

The impacts of the Anti-Japanese War accelerated Zhang Henshui＇s literary transformation from the traditional type to a modern one. By sorting out the whole Anti-Japanese War transforming process of Zhang Henshui＇s novels, and by studying in detail Zhang＇s successful and complete literary reform in terms of his ideology, themes, skills, styles and texts, valuable theories can be discovered in Zhang Henshui＇s communication with and criticism against the new literature writers and through his intellectual and independent reflections. Zhang＇s theories indicate that literary works should keep up with the times and ＂play to the gallery＂ as well, so as to practice the popularization of literature, that literature should assimilate foreign cultures and retain the essence of Chinese traditions, both of which are to be practiced alternatively, that literary works should glorify the Anti-Japanese War and reveal various elements that undermined the war, and that literature should eradicate vulgarity and stick to the union of instructive ideological and artistic ＂tastes＂. The Anti-Japanese War transformation made Zhang Henshui keep abreast with the new literature writers, realize the communication between literary works and readers, and achieve the integration of the ancient, present, refined and popular cultures.