关于均匀带电球面上电场强度的求解

SOLUTION ABOUT ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY ON UNIFORM CHARGED SPHERICAL SURFACE

由于均匀带电球面上的电场强度无法用高斯定理求出,现行大部分大学物理基础教材在讨论均匀带电球面产生的场强分布时,只用高斯定理求出了该带电系统内外空间电场的分布,并没有给出球面上场强的计算方法,只是指出在球面上场强值不连续.文章利用叠加原理和电容器能量的变化两种方法分别导出了均匀带电球面上任一点的场强值,验证了均匀带电球面的场强是不连续的,两种方法思路截然不同,但得到的结果完全相同,该结果使得高斯定理求出的均匀带电球面在空间电场分布的结论更加完整.

Electric field intensity on uniform charged spherical surface cannot be calculated with the Gauss theorem. Most of the current college physics textbooks only show the distribu- tion of electric field intensity inside and outside spherical surface with the Gauss theorem when the electric filed intensity produced by the uniform charged spherical surface are discussed. But how to calculate the electric field intensity on spherical surface is not provided, except pointing out that the intensity value is discontinuous on the spherical surface. This paper gives the specific numerical of electric field intensity on spherical surface using superposition principle and capacitor energy variety. It is also verified that the electric field intensity on uniform charged spherical surface is discontinuous. With completely two different methods, we obtain the exactly identical results, which makes the results solved by Gauss theorem on the spatial distribution of electric field intensity produced by uniform charged spherical surface more complete.