我国侵权法上完全赔偿原则的证立与实现

Justification and Realization of the Principle of Full Compensation in Chinese Tort Law

完全赔偿原则是商品等价交换方式影响的结果,它契合了侵权损害赔偿的指导性原则和目的,是实现加害人和受害人之间利益平衡的重要工具,也可以督促人们尽到最优的注意义务。在我国,现行法确立了完全赔偿原则,明确与重申这一原则具有重要的现实意义,这既有助于充分发挥侵权法的救济功能,也有助于强化法律法规对于法官的拘束力。完全赔偿原则在我国当下更需要切实贯彻落实,其具体体现为:受害人所遭受的可赔偿的损害,只要与权益侵害之间存在因果关系就都应当获得赔偿;在确定损害赔偿的范围时,不考虑加害人的过错程度,也不考虑当事人的经济状况和其他因素;受害人不能因致害事件获得额外的利益。在适用完全赔偿原则的例外规则时,应当充分考虑其立法目的,避免不当地冲击完全赔偿原则的地位。

The principle of full compensation results from the influence of the mode of exchange of equal value on society. It conforms to the guiding principles and objectives of tort law and is an important tool for balancing the interests of the injurer and the victim and for com- pelling potential injurers to take their duty of due of care seriously. The current Chinese tort law not only recognizes the principle of full compensation, but also reiterates the important practical significance of the principle, which is conducive to realizing the compensatory function of the tort law and to ensuring that judges adjudicate cases in accordance with law. Currently it is im- perative for China to truly implement the principle of full compensation, which requires that, firstly, all compensable harms caused by a tort should be indemnified ; secondly when a judge decides damages, he should not consider such factors as the defendant＇ s intention or negli- gence, the income of the plaintiff and the defendant, or other circumstances of the case; and thirdly, the victim should not acquire more benefit than that is sufficient to compensate for the harms he or she suffered as a result of the tort. When applying rules of exception to the princi- ple of full compensation, tion and not to improperly the judge should take into full consideration of the purpose of legisla- undermine the position of the principle.