美国大学院校影响因素理论模型研究

The Study of College Impact Theory and Model in the Area of American Higher Education

院校影响因素理论模型是美国大学生发展理论的重要组成部分。院校影响因素理论模型旨在阐释学生成果产出的影响因素与过程。阿斯丁的I-E-O模型、丁托的学生离校模型和帕斯卡雷拉的学生发展综合因果模型是院校影响因素理论模型的代表。三种模型中所包含的影响因素、影响路径和影响过程都对后续模型的建立以及院校研究分析产生影响。三种模型基于社会学视角对学生产出进行因果分析,具有研究动态过程、重视环境与学生互动、突出院校影响等特点。

College impact models are very important part in the student development theory. The purpose of college impact models intends to explain the affecting factors and process of the student development. Astin＇s I-E-O model,Tinto＇s longitudinal model of institutional departure and Pascarella＇s general causal model are the typical models and have influence on the other college impact models and institution research through the influ- ence factors, influence path and influence process. The three models have been established on the basis of the so- ciological perspective. They have some characters including focusing on the dynamic process of undergraduate de- velopment, interaction between student and institution environment and college, imn^t~!