英国大学招生考试“一年多考”的制度设计、社会争论与发展趋势

A Study on Resits Policy,Social Debate and the Reform of GCE-A level Examination in England

"一年多考"是当下我国大学招生考试制度改革的重要方向,英国普通教育证书高级水平考试(GCE-A)在课程设置、时间部署、评价内容和成绩检定等环节构建了成熟的"一年多考"的考试评价体系。其"一年多考"政策有效地降低高利害考试失利的偶然性,消除一考定终身的弊端,同时将形成性评价与终结性评价相结合,为考生提供了成绩提升的发展空间。但是在高利害考试中实施"一年多考"政策也引发了考生分数膨胀、考试甄选能力弱化、学生知识体系零散、学业负担加重以及教师的课程教学受到钳制等负面影响并引起强烈的社会争论。为回应其弊端,英国政府及其考试机构正着手减少考试次数并讨论取消大学招生考试中的"一年多考"政策。

Test more than once a year is an important direction of the university entrance examination system reform in China. the British general certificate of education advanced level examination （GCE-A） is a relatively mature examination and evaluation system which is composed of several test series one year and allow students re- sit many times. It provides modular curriculum and evaluation units with two exam seasons in a year. At the same time, it allows candidates to retake module knowledge units freely. The resit policy reduces accidental loss in the high stake tests and eliminates the drawbacks of one off test. Meanwhile formative assessment and summative as- sessment will be combined and provide a second chance for the candidates self-improvement. But test more than once a year system also led to some negative effects and social controversy such as grade inflation,over assess- ment, second-chance mentality and examination-oriented culture. The government and Ofqual decide to reduce resit times and shift to summer-only exams.