改革初期新疆国营农场的家庭农场制度——基于文献和口述史料的再思考

Household Farms Innovated from State Farms in Xinjiang During Early Days of China's Reform——Rethinking Based on Literature and Oral Historical Materials

运用大量的口述史料和期刊论文,对改革初期新疆生产建设兵团在国营农场中建立家庭农场的历史,进行了系统的分析。分析表明,当时当地兴办家庭农场,最关键的原因是当时国营农场制度效率低下,生产经营负担沉重,职工生活困难重重。由于变革现存制度可能带来的巨大的潜在利润,加上生产技术水平高、制度创新成本较小、外部环境不断优化等有利条件,家庭农场才得以陆续成功兴办。因此,必须出于一定的客观动因,出于对经济利益的追求,具备应有的条件,家庭农场才会水到渠成;千万不能急于求成,好大喜功。这是这段历史对今天的重要启示。

By using oral historical materials and literature from journals,this paper tries to open the history about the household farms set up in the state farms in Xinjiang Construction Corps during the early days of China＇s reform.The main point of the paper is that the low efficient institution existing in the state farms was the most important reason for the household farms organized during 1980 s.Other key factors include an optimizing environment,high level technology,and decreasing costs of institutional change.The paper emphasizes that today,in China＇s countryside,if it is not made to carry out the economic performance,or if necessary conditions have not been prepared,is no good to make up a household farm.