江苏省淮安市常住居民慢性病影响因素及健康教育对策研究

Analysis of chronic diseases impact factors and relevant countermeasures among residents in Huai'an City of Jiangsu Province

目的了解淮安市常住居民慢性病患病现况及其影响因素,为制定慢性非传染性疾病健康教育综合干预措施和对策提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2012年下半年抽取淮安市3347名常住居民进行问卷调查。所得资料进行χ2检验和Logistic回归分析。结果 3347位调查对象患1种及以上慢性病的人数为795人,慢性病患病率为23.8%。单因素分析显示,城乡、不同年龄组、不同文化程度、家庭年收入高低、是否具备健康素养、是否会计算BMI和是否吸烟,慢性病患病率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对于农村,城市对慢性病影响的OR（95%CI）值为2.094（1.755～2.499）;相对于15～岁年龄,25～、35～、45～、55～、65～69岁年龄对慢性病影响的OR（95%CI）值分别为4.092（1.206～13.885）、9.898（3.092～31.684）、19.271（6.063～61.255）、29.494（9.246～94.085）、31.522（9.645～103.023）;相对于会计算BMI,不会计算BMI对慢性病影响的OR（95%CI）值为1.310（1.025～1.674）;相对于BMI值〈24,BMI值≥24对慢性病影响的OR（95%CI）值为1.278（1.045～1.564）;相对于WC（cm）男〈85、女〈80,男≥85、女≥80对慢性病影响的OR（95%CI）值为1.405（1.147～1.723）;相对于不吸烟,吸烟对慢性病影响的OR（95%CI）值为1.289（1.070～1.553）,均为慢性病的危险因素。结论淮安市居民慢性病患病率处于较高水平,针对城市、年龄较大、BMI值≥24、腰围较大、吸烟居民的预防控制对策和措施亟待加强,应加强健康促进工作,针对影响因素开展健康教育综合干预。

Objective To explore the prevalence and impact factors of chronic diseases among residents in Huai＇an city,and establish health education based comprehensive interventions. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3347 subjects who were selected by using stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling during the second half year of2012 in Huai＇an City. The data were analyzed via χ2-test and logistic regression. Results Among all participants,795 subjects suffered one or more chronic diseases,which accounted for 23. 8% of the population. The single factor analysis indicated that residential area,age,education,income,whether had satisfied health literacy,ability to calculate BMI,and smoking or not were the influencing factors of chronic diseases（ P〈 0. 01）. As shown in multiple regression analysis,OR（ 95% CI） in urban was 2. 094（ 1. 755- 2. 499） when compared to rural area; ORs in aged 25- 34,35- 44,45- 54,55- 64,and 65- 69 groups were 4. 092（ 1. 206- 13. 885）,9. 898（ 3. 092- 31. 684）,19. 271（ 6. 063- 61. 255）,29. 494（ 9. 246- 94. 085）,and 31. 522（ 9. 645- 103. 023） when compared with aged 15- 24 group,respectively; OR in persons who knew how to calculate BMI was 1. 310（ 1. 025- 1. 674） when compared with who didn＇t know how to calculate BMI; OR in BMI≥24 group was 1. 278（ 1. 045- 1. 564）） when compared with BMI 24 group; OR in male waist≥85 cm group and female waist≥80 cm were 1. 405（ 1. 147- 1. 723） when compared with male waist 85 cm and female waist 〈80 cm; OR in smokers was 1. 289（ 1. 070- 1. 553） when compared with non-smokers. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases among residents in Huai＇an City is relatively high. It is important to establish health education mode based comprehensive intervention,especially for urban elderly residents with high BMI,WC,and smoking history.