北京市流动和户籍小学生及家长健康教育需求状况调查

Survey on health education demands among pupils and their parents in different type of schools in Beijing

目的了解北京市流动和户籍小学生及家长的健康知识掌握情况,比较不同学校家长和老师对孩子健康知识和行为的影响,分析不同学校学生及家长的健康教育需求。方法问卷调查和个人访谈相结合,采取多阶段整群抽样的方法,选取北京市2个区的8所小学,对4～6年级学生及其家长共4088人进行问卷调查,对24名校医和班主任进行访谈。结果 50%以上的学生和家长自感健康知识掌握情况一般,户籍小学优于打工子弟小学。户籍小学家长健康知识和行为指导率高于公办打工子弟小学家长,后者又高于民办打工子弟小学家长;公办打工子弟小学老师的指导率最高;家长和老师在用眼姿势和时间方面的指导情况最好,刷牙方法时间和带孩子体育锻炼指导率偏低。34.1%的民办打工子弟小学表示没有上过健康教育课,这些小学健康教育老师、课时频率和资料都不固定,没有常规体检和健康档案。结论北京市流动和户籍小学生及家长健康教育的需求较大,疾病预防和饮食营养方面的需求远高于疾病治疗。学校的健康教育课程时间和教师配备需要规范,特别是民办打工子弟小学,学生健康教育需要家长和学校的配合。

Objective To learn the mastery condition of health knowledge among pupils and their parents in different schools in Beijing,compare parents and teachers＇ influences on children＇s health knowledge and behavior,and to understand health education demands among pupils and their parents in different type of schools in Beijing. Methods By multi-stage cluster sampling method,4 088 pupils and their parents from 8 schools were investigated with questionnaire,and 24 teachers were interviewed. Results Above 50% of pupils and their parents thought that their mastery condition of health knowledge was just common level,and the level in migrant children and their parents were worse. The percentage of children who were taught correct health knowledge and behavior by their parents in public schools enrolling local children was higher than that in public school enrolling migrant children,which were higher than that in private school enrolling migrant children. The behavior guide on vision protection by their children and teachers were better than teeth brushing and physical exercise. 34. 1% of pupils in private school enrolling migrant children hadn＇t been provided health education class. There were no settled teachers,classes and materials for health education classes,and no regular physical examination and health records for pupils in private schools enrolling migrant children. Conclusion There is a great health education demand among pupils and their parents in different type of schools in Beijing. Formal classes should be set up according to their demands. Private schools enrolling migrant children should be paid more attention to help them do health education.