中国西北干旱地区盐渍化土壤盐分和养分的分布特征——以甘肃产业园区为例

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients and Salt Content of Northwest Arid Region in China——Taking the Industrial Park in Gansu as An Example

针对西北干旱地区甘肃武威产业园区土壤养分贫瘠和盐渍化的情况,测定了该园区试验基地0-20 cm土层土壤盐分和养分的含量,分析比较了园区不同土壤类型的含水量、p H、盐分、有机质和速效氮磷钾的含量。结果表明：（1）园区试验基地土壤含水量较低,土壤盐渍化程度严重,大多数土壤属于中度至重度盐碱地。（2）园区土壤养分含量低,属于贫瘠土壤。不同土壤类型的有机质及速效氮磷钾含量差异明显,土壤总体呈现氮含量缺或较缺,速效磷含量中等或缺,速效钾含量处于较缺或中等水平。可通过物理、化学和生物等措施改良武威产业园区试验基地土壤的盐碱化程度。与此同时,增施有机肥和氮磷肥,适当增施钾肥,以提高土壤肥力。

According to the poor nutrient and soil salinization of Wuwei industrial park in Gansu in northwestarid region, the author collected a large number of samples in the region and measured the soil salinity andnutrient content in 0-20 cm. By the statistical analysis and comparison the values of the water content, p H,salinity, organic matter and available nitrogen phosphorus and potassium（NPK）. The results indicated that：（1）in the sample region, besides the low water content, the degree of soil salinization was predominant and themajority of soil belonged to the moderate or severe saline-alkali land.（2） Dued to the low nutrient content, thesoil was relatively poor. There were obvious differences between the soil organic matter and the available NPK.In short, the nitrogen contents of the soil in the region were seriously rare. The available phosphorus contentswere at a moderate or deficient level, and the available potassium contents were at a sufficient level or anadequate level. As a final statement, the author suggested that the applications of the physical, chemical andbiological measurement could reduce the degree of soil salinity. At the same time, it was proposed that therewere many methods to improve soil fertility, such as, the proper use of organic, nitrogen and phosphorous andpotassium fertilizers.