科研不端行为的治理路径——基于比较制度分析视角

Governance Paths of Scientific Misconduct——Based on the Perspective of Comparative Institutional Analysis

首先分析了科研成果交易市场中存在的市场失灵现象,以及科研成果交易双方的博弈行为,提出采用比较制度视角来研究科研不端行为的治理具有可行性。然后根据比较制度分析理论,分别研究了交易者社会规范、俱乐部规范、自我实施雇佣合同、第三方信息传播、第三方强制实施、道德准则、法制系统7种科研不端行为的治理路径,并进一步提出了提高科研不端行为发现几率、提高科学家工资、降低奖励收益、强化科学家负罪感等关键措施,为我国科研不端行为治理体系的完善提出了建议。

This article firstly analyzes that the market failure of the science market, such as information asymmetry, externality, monopolization, and the game of the scientists and public sector. Then, basing on economic analysis of scientific research, the feasibility of the analysis perspective of comparative institutional economics about guvemance of scientific misconduct is pointed out. Comparative institutional research method is used to analyze the governance paths： social norms of trader, club norms, self-enforcing employment contracts, third-party information dissemination, third-party enforcement, ethics criterions, legal system. The key measures are further proposed： improve the rate of discovery scientific misconduct, improve scientists＂ wages, lower reward revenue, strengthen scientists＇ feeling of guilt, and so on. Finally, the comprehensive governance system of scientific misconduct is proposed.