测墒补灌条件下深松和耙压对冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响

Effects of Subsoiling and Harrowing on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat under Condition of Supplemental Irrigation

为探索适于冬小麦高产节水的耕作模式,通过裂区试验,在小麦全生育期不灌溉、拔节期和开花期测墒补灌两种水分管理方式下,设置旋耕、深松＋旋耕、深松＋旋耕＋耙压2遍共3种耕作方式,研究了测墒补灌条件下深松和耙压对冬小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,深松能明显促进小麦拔节后对0-200cm土层土壤贮水的吸收,显著提高产量和水分利用效率。与深松＋旋耕处理相比,深松＋旋耕＋耙压2遍处理显著减少小麦播种至越冬前对土壤水分的消耗,在全生育期无灌水的条件下总耗水量减少,籽粒产量和水分利用效率明显提高;在小麦拔节期和开花期测墒补灌条件下,深松＋旋耕＋耙压2遍处理小麦在拔节至开花期和开花至成熟期的阶段耗水量和日耗水量明显提高,籽粒产量显著增加,水分利用效率无显著变化。

In order to explore the high-yielding and water -saving cultivation mode suitable for winter wheat production, experiments with three replications were performed in a split plot design arranged in randomized blocks to study the effects of subsoiling and harrowing on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat under condition of supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture. The main plots contained two irrigation treatments： no irrigation （rainfed） and supplemental irrigation at Jointing and at anthesis. The subplots consisted of three treatments of tillage method, including rotary tillage, subsoiling ＋ rotary tillage, subsoiling ＋ rotary tillage ＋ harrowing 2 times. The results showed that the subsoiling obviously promoted the water absorption by wheat from the 0-200 cm soil layers after jointing stage and increased the yield and water use efficiency of wheat. Compared with the subsoiling ＋ rotary tillage treatment, the soil water consumption of subsoiling ＋ rotary tillage ＋ harrowing 2 times treatment during sowing to before winter stage was decreased. Without irrigation, the total water consumption of subsoiling ＋ rotary tillage ＋ harrowing 2 times treatment was decreased, but the grain yield and water use efficiency were increased significantly, when supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture was carried out at jointing and anthesis, the water consumption daily and stage during jointing to maturity were increased, and the grain yield of wheat was increased significantly, but the water use efficiency had no significant difference.