部分春性和半冬性小麦品种氮效率差异分析

Analysis on the Difference in Nitrogen Efficiency of Semi-winter and Spring Wheat Varieties

为了解小麦冬春性与氮素利用的关系,在大田条件下,以江苏省主栽的15个小麦品种为材料,比较了半冬性和春性小麦的氮效率差异。结果表明,相同施氮条件下,半冬性小麦的平均氮肥吸收效率(NUEa)和氮肥生产效率(NGPE)分别比春性小麦高12.19%和9.64%,差异均达显著水平。其中,NUEa和NGPE最高的半冬性小麦品种均为济麦22,春性小麦两个指标最高的品种均为扬麦15。半冬性小麦的平均氮肥表观利用率(NUR)、氮肥农学效率(NAE)、氮素生理效率(NPE)及氮收获指数亦高于春性小麦,但差异均不显著。半冬性或春性类型小麦中各指标都存在氮高效和氮低效的品种,且品种间差异均极显著;不同品种氮效率高或低的机制不同,使得对氮肥的吸收、利用、转运的能力存在差异,生产中应根据不同品种氮效率机制特点采用不同的施肥应对策略。

Using 15 wheat varieties which mainly planted in Jiangsu region as experiment material,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in nitrogen efficiency of semi winter wheat varieties and spring wheat varieties.The results indicated that the average utilization rate of N fertilizer （NUR）,agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer （NAE）,nitrogen physiological efficiency（NPE） and nitrogen harvest index （NHI） of semi winter wheat varieties was higher than that of spring wheat varieties under the same nitrogen application condition,but the difference was not significant.The average uptake efficiency of N fertilizer （NUEa）,nitrogen grain production efficiency （NGPE） of semi winter wheat varieties were 12.19% and 9.64% higher than that of spring wheat varieties,respectively,and the difference was significant.The highest NUEa and NGPE among semi winter wheat varieties was all observed in Jimai 22,and the highest NUEa and NGPE among spring wheat varieties was all found in Yangmai15.There were differences on the capacity of absorbing,utilizing and translocating of nitrogen among different varieties.According to these NUE indices,there were wheat varieties with high or low NUE among the semi winter or spring wheat varieties due to different NUE mechanism.The different measures should be made to apply N fertilizer depending on the different NUE mechanism of wheat varieties.