中国煤炭资源流源、汇地空间格局演变与内部空间差异研究

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Inner Differences of Source-sink Regions of China's Coal Resources Flow

以各省煤炭资源输出、输入量为分析指标,将有资源输出的省份列为源地,有资源输入的省份列为汇地,分别利用重心模型和统计地图方法,从动态和静态2种视角探讨中国煤炭资源流源、汇地空间格局特征及其演化规律。同时,利用标准差和变异系数揭示源、汇地内部空间差异的变化特征,预测其未来空间格局的走向。结果表明:1中国煤炭源地重心分布于山西省中东部境内,移动轨迹大体呈"U"字型,汇地重心分布于鲁、沪、皖三省交界处,移动轨迹呈东北-西南向"1"字型。源、汇地重心都呈现向西移动的趋势,但源地重心经历了一个由北向南再向北的转移过程,而汇地重心突出地表现出南移的趋势。2中国煤炭资源流源、汇地空间分离趋势较为明显;源汇地整体位移方向以西北、西南、东南3个方向为主。3全国煤炭供应基地主要分布在北方,并形成多个较大的输出源地;煤炭汇地主要分布在内蒙古、山西、重庆、贵州四省(市、区)一线以东地区,空间结构呈现西南转移的趋势。4煤炭源地绝对差异的总体发展趋势为不断扩大,相对差异为不断减小;煤炭汇地绝对差异和相对差异的总体发展趋势变化不大,较为温和。5加强新疆煤炭外运通道建设以及西北与西南、华中煤炭运输通道的连接建设应成为国家煤炭运输规划的重点与当务之急。

This article took 31 provinces in China as the objects of study, and made analysis of the current situa- tion of the flux of coal resources flow in every province. It ruled that all provinces which have output coal were classified as source regions, and all provinces which have input coal were classified as sink regions. In analyses, this article led into the concept of gravity centre, and next identified gravity centers of coal source re- gions and sink regions in 1991-2010, and finally exported space tracking maps of gravity centre points by GIS. The dynamic changes and evolution laws of gravity centers of coal source regions and sink regions were elabo- rated in the recent 20 years from four aspects, and the study results reflected the spatial development trends and directions of coal resources flow. The first aspect was the whole trends of coal resources flow of source re- gions and sink regions. The second aspect was the moving trends in longitude and latitude. The third aspect was the space length between gravity center of source regions and gravity center of sink regions in the same year and the fourth aspect was the average flow direction. In addition, statistical maps were used to investigate the characteristics of the spatial structure and dynamic evolution of coal resources flow of source regions and sink regions. And this article used a double of statistical indicators called standard deviation and variation coef- ficient which respectively reflected absolute and relative differences to investigate the different degrees and de- velopment trends of coal flux of source regions and sink regions from temporal series. It also revealed an im- balance of coal resources flow of source regions and sink regions from space perspective. Study results showed that gravity centers of coal source regions were mainly situated in the eastern part of Shanxi Province, and their mobile trajectory were generally rendered “u” type. However, gravity centers of coal sink regions di- verted from Jiangsu to Anhui and then to Shandong, and their trajectory were generally rendered north- east-southwest “1” type. Both trajectories in longitude have emerged as a trend of slowly shifting to west. In latitude, gravity centers of coal source regions went through a transfer from north to south and then to north and gravity centers of coal sink regions notably showed a trend of moving to south in fluctuation. There was a clear separation in space between coal production space and demand space. The coal supply bases of China were mainly located in the north of the country, which formed some large output source regions and formed a certain hierarchy. The coal sink regions were mainly in the east of the line of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Chongq- ing and Guizhou, and the space structure showed a trend moving toward southwest. It was obvious that coal source regions were increasingly keeping away from sink regions. The overall of source regions and sink re- gions was moving toward three directions composed of northwest, southwest, and southeast. The absolute dif- ference of coal source regions was growing and their relative difference was reducing. The absolute and rela- tive differences of coal sink regions all had no big fluctuation.