班超与东汉中期的西北边疆经略

Research on the Relationship between Ban Chao and the Management of the Western Regions in the Middle Period of Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉时期,国家的边疆政策以消极防御为主,少有进取,更多依赖有能力的边吏"自在"经营。当他们取得不错的成果时,国家就出面给予支持;稍有阻力,政府就轻言放弃,班超经营西域就清晰地反映了这一事实。从相关文献来看,边吏的个人行为和中央集权的政府行为,对东汉中期西北边疆治理共同发挥作用。班超的积极努力一次次将不被看好的西域重新拉入政府的西北经略大局之中,但是政府的无为态度却极大地削弱了西域经略的成效。这种个人行为与国家经略之间的双向互动关系更加明显,也是东汉西北边疆治理的重要特色,值得关注和思考。

The country＇s frontier policy was of passive defense in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the management mainly depended upon the officials themselves. All this led to little progress in the Western Regions. Seeing from the pertinent literature, both the officials＇ personal behavior and the government＇s centralized behavior played a joint role in the management of the Western Regions in that period. Ban Chao,a famous official at that time,endeavored to make the Western Regions not separate from the country. But the central government＇s non-action greatly weakened the effects of his efforts. The paper thinks that this is the very lesson that is considered and learnt by today＇s government and officials.