3D打印成形微小型金属件的研究现状及其发展

Research Status and Development of 3D Printing Forming for Miniature Metal Parts

作为先进数字化层增材制造技术,3D打印成形以个性化、小批量、可快速制造复杂结构等优点,为微小型金属件制造提供了新途径。根据材料打印形式,本研究将用于成形微小型金属件的3D打印成形工艺分为四大类型:选域打印、熔覆打印、焊接打印和熔滴打印。并分别从原理、材料、工艺影响因素等方面介绍3D打印成形微小型金属件的技术发展、研究现状及其发展趋势。由于3D打印成形微小型金属件的工艺尚在起步研究阶段,还存在技术上的不足,还需不断发展与完善才能将其广泛应用于微小金属件打印成形。

As advanced digital layer addictive manufacturing technology, 3D printing forming offers a new approach for mini- ature metal part manufacturing due to the advantages of individualization, small batch production and rapid manufacturing complex structures. Based on the material printing forms, 3D printing forming technology is classified into four types ： selective forming, cladding forming, welding forming and molten droplet forming. In this study, the present situation and development trend of 3D printing forming technology for miniature metal parts were presented based on principles, materials and influence factors. Due to the advantages and the shortages, 3D printing forming for miniature metal parts is still in progress. More developments and improvements are needed before it is widely used in miniature metal parts forming.