近代川江城市平面布局特征研究

The Layout Characteristics of Some Cities Along the Sichuan Section of the Yangtze River in Modern Times

对近代川江有代表性的7个城市平面布局作了分析,发现川江城市一般选址在河流交汇处,具有背山面水的特点;城墙规模较小,至清末时城市发展突破了城墙的限制,泸州、万州等城的城市郊区甚至成为了城市新的商业中心;受地理环境的限制,川江城市军政机构并不在城内中心靠北的区域,而是依交通便利之地;在民国的近代化浪潮中,川江城市积极向外拓展,由军事要塞式城市向经济、行政功能兼具式城市发展.总的来看,近代川江城市平面布局显现了地理环境和传统礼制的双重影响,但环境制约的影响更深刻,体现了人类在城市发展中对物质环境和人文精神之间的理性选择,而生产力的发展又同时对环境和礼制产生不同的响应,进而又影响城市的平面布局.

In this article,the layout characteristics of seven representative cities along the Sichuan section of the Yangtze River in modern times are analyzed and the following conclusions are arrived at.The cities are generally located at river confluence reaches,with mountains behind them and the river in front.Originally their city walls were relatively small,but in the late Qing Dynasty the cities expanded beyond their city walls,and in the suburbs of some cities,Luzhou and Wanzhou for example,new commercial centres appeared.Due to geographical constraints,their functional areas are not located in the northern area of the center region,like most cities in plains,but in places with convenient transportation.In the modernization drive during the period of Republic of China,these cities actively expanded outward and transformed themselves from sole military fortresses to cities with both economic and administrative functions.In general, the layout of the above modern cities is influenced by both geographic environment and traditional etiquette,with the former being the dominant influencing factor.In addition,the development of productivity has its impact on geographic environment and traditional etiquette,which in turn influences the layout of cities.