关中农户型“猪-沼-粮”循环农业的能流及效益分析

Analysis of Energy Flow of the“Pig-biogas-grain”Circular Agricultural Mode and Benefit Evaluation in Guanzhong Plain

为探明关中农户型"猪-沼-粮"循环模式的能流特征、调控途径、效益状况,以及是否适合在关中区域推广问题,应用能流理论与系统分析法,对该循环系统进行能量投入和产出、能流去向、能流循环指数以及效益分析。结果表明:关中农户型"猪-沼-粮"循环模式是一个以生猪养殖业为主,秸秆还田种植业和沼气工程为辅的环境友好型农业生产模式。该系统以有机能投入为主,农作物光能利用率为1.19%,能流循环指数0.92,具有较高的自我稳定性和自我维持能力,机械化程度较高,农户每年增加7149.78元的经济收入,同时兼具良好的生态和社会效益。但种植子系统复种指数低,沼气工程的科技投入低,致使整个模式的产投比不高。该循环模式适合在关中地区大力推广,同时应采取因地制宜的系统结构调整和优化原则,坚持完善农业技术指导部门的发展策略。

To explore the energy flow, control ways, benefits of the＂pig-biogas-grain＂circular agriculturalmode, and whether it is suitable for popularization in Guanzhong plain, we analyzed the energy input and out-put, energy flow direction, energy circulation index and the benefit of this mode by the energy flow theory andsystem analysis method. The results showed that this circular mode was an environment-friendly agriculturalproduction mode which mainly focused on pig breeding together with straw returning and biogas engineering.The input energy of this system was mainly organic, the ratio of solar energy utilization of crop was 1.19%, andthe index of energy cycle was 0.92, with a high stability and self-maintenance ability as well as a high mechani-zation degree. The income of farmers would increase 7149.78 yuan every year with the practice of this mode,and ecological and social benefits would also be enhanced. But the low cropping index and low science technol-ogy investment leaded to the low ratio of energy output-input. The cycle model is suitable for Guanzhong area,the principle of restructuring and optimization according to the local conditions should be taken, and the devel-opmental strategy of agricultural technical guidance department should be improved when the mode is applied.