焦炉炉顶作业区逸散颗粒物粒径分布特征分析

Size distribution characteristics of particulate matter in the top areas of coke oven

目的 了解焦化厂炉顶作业区中颗粒物的浓度及粒径分布特征,为系统评估焦炉工的环境暴露水平提供科学依据.方法 选取某焦化厂的炉顶作业区,采用空气动力学粒径谱仪收集作业环境中颗粒物的浓度及粒径分布情况,将颗粒物按照空气动力学直径分为PM≤1.0 μm、1.0 μm＜PM≤2.5μm、2.5μm＜PM≤5.0.μm、5.0 μm＜PM≤10.0μm、PM＞10.0 μm 5种,探讨不同粒径颗粒物的计数浓度、表面积浓度、质量浓度在炉顶总颗粒物的分布情况,并对不同粒径颗粒物的主要参数进行相关性分析.结果 焦化厂炉顶作业区中颗粒物的计数浓度及表面积浓度随颗粒物粒径增大而减少,质量浓度变化曲线呈双峰型,在PM=1.0 μm和PM=5.0 μm处较高.炉顶总颗粒物平均计数浓度为661.27个/cm^3,表面积浓度为523.92μm^2/cm^3,质量浓度为0.12 mg/m^3.炉顶颗粒物绝大部分为PM≤1.0 μm的细颗粒物,其计数浓度和表面积浓度分别占总颗粒物的96.85％和67.01％.在相关性分析中,粒径大小不同,其与总颗粒物的相关性不同,而且Pm^2.5的特征参数并不能完全反映炉顶作业区中颗粒物的情况.结论 焦化厂炉顶作业区中主要污染物为细颗粒物PM1.0其与PM5.0在颗粒物的质量浓度中占很大比重.对炉顶作业区焦炉逸散物的职业卫生评价中也要考虑PM1.0与PM5.0的监测.

Objective To systematically evaluate the environmental exposure information of coke oven workers,we investigated the concentration and size distribution characteristics of the particle matter （PM） in the top working area of coke oven.Methods The aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer was employed to collect the concentration and size distribution information of PM at a top working area.The PM was divided into pM≤ 1.0 μm,1.0 μm〈PM ≤2.5 μm,2.5 μm〈PM ≤5.0 μm,5.0 μm〈PM ≤ 10.0 μm and PM〉10.0 μm based on their aerodynamic diameters.The number concentration,surface area concentration,and mass concentration were analyzed between different groups.We also conducted the correlation analysis on these parameters among groups.Results We found the number and surface area concentration of top area particulate was negatively correlated with particle size,but mass concentration curve showed bimodal type with higher point at PM=1.0 μm and PM =5.0 μm.The average number concentration of total particulate matter in the top working area was 661.27 number/cm^3,surface area concentration was 523.92 μm^2/cm^3,and mass concentration was 0.12 mg/m^3.The most nunber of particulate matter is not more than 1 μm （PM1.0）,and its number concentration and surface area concentration accounted for 96.85% and 67.01% of the total particles respectively.In the correlation analysis,different particle size correlated with the total particulate matter differently.And the characteristic parameters of Pm^2.5 cannot fully reflect the total information of particles.Conclusion The main particulate matter pollutants in the top working area of coke oven is PM1.0,and it with PM5.0 can account for a large proportion in the mass concentration of PM.It suggest that PM1.0 and PM5.0 should be considered for occupational health surveillance on the particulate matter in the top area of coke oven.