雷电冲击波的危害特点与鉴定方法研究

Study on the Characteristics and Identification Methods of Shock Wave Lightning Harm

结合雷电冲击波的危害特点,研究了雷电冲击波危害土木工程、金属构件等位置的调查鉴定方法,重点阐述了金属构件的受损、爆炸冲击与外力撞击、雷击点及泄流通道、危害雷电流、雷电流冲击波、物体受损处雷电冲击波(超压)、受损物体耐冲击气压能力等7种情况。结果表明:当调查结果符合下面几个条件时,可确定本次雷电事故为雷电冲击波危害所致,这种鉴定方法就是冲击波分析法。(1)雷电的闪击时间与金属构件的受危害时间吻合;(2)在金属构件受损时间,雷电的闪击点位于受损物体附近;(3)雷电泄流通道产生较高的热量并且该热量产生了较强的冲击波;(4)在金属构件受损时,其受损方向无炸药爆炸,且无金属体外力撞击;(5)受损金属体的耐冲击气压能力小于雷电冲击波的气压。

Combined with the characteristics of lightning shock wave, the shock wave damage identification method of lightning investigation of metal components of civil engineering, such as location, expounds the metal component damage, shock and the impact of external force, the lightning and the discharge channel, harm of lightning current, lightning current impulse wave, objects damaged lightning shock wave （overpressure）, seven cases of damaged body resistance to shock pressure. The results showed that：when the survey results accord with the following conditions, may determine the lightning accidents caused by lightning shock hazard, this identification method is the shock wave analysis method. （1） Stroke time and metal components of lightning damage. （2） The impaired time in metal component, the flash of lightning damage to objects located near. （3） The lightning discharge produced higher flow channel heat and the heat is generated shock wave is strong. （4） In the metal component is damaged, the direction of non explosive damage, and no metallic body external impact. （5） the damaged metal body is smaller than the lightning surge capacity of resisting impact air pressure.