循环小分子RNA:消化道肿瘤的分子传感器

Molecular Microsensors in The Digestive Tract Cancer: Circulating Micro RNAs

目的总结循环小分子RNA(mi RNAs)与消化道肿瘤的关系,以及其在消化道肿瘤诊断、治疗及预后判断中的应用前景。方法收集国内外关于mi RNAs与消化道肿瘤关系的文献并作综述。结果 mi RNAs可通过基因调控作用,参与调节细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡。消化道肿瘤患者的血循环中常伴有一些异常表达的mi RNAs,其与肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关,不仅有助于肿瘤的诊断,而且还有助于确定肿瘤原发灶部位,甚至有助于临床和病理分期,由此预测肿瘤的进展、复发和转移情况,评估治疗效果等。结论循环mi RNAs可作为消化道肿瘤的分子传感器,用于临床消化道肿瘤的无创早期诊断、治疗和预后评估。

Objective To summarize the relationship between micro RNAs（mi RNAs） and the digestive tract cancer, and to investigate the applicative value of mi RNAs in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of the digestive tract cancer. Methods Domestic and international papers focusing on the relationship between mi RNAs and the digestive tract cancer were retrieved and reviewed. Results Mi RNAs participated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through gene regulation. The patients with digestive tract cancer were often accompanied with some abnormal expression of mi RNAs in circulation, that was closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor. These mi RNAs in blood contributed to not only the diagnosis of tumor, but also identification of the primary tumor site, even the clinical and pathological staging. Thus, we could predict the progress, recurrence, and the metastasis of tumor, or perform the evaluation of therapeutic effects. Conclusion Circulating mi RNAs can be used as molecular microsensors for the noninvasive early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the digestive tract cancer.