68例左氧氟沙星不良反应分析及院前合理用药

Analysis of adverse reactions of levofloxacin and rational use of drugs pre-admission in 68 cases

目的：探讨左氧氟沙星的不良反应及院前合理用药。方法回顾性分析本院急诊2012年6月～2014年6月上报的的68例左氧氟沙星不良反应的资料，进行整理、总结。结果左氧氟沙星所引起的不良反应中，过敏性休克12例（17.67%）；皮肤及其附件22例（32.35%）；中枢及神经系统9例（13.23%）；心血管及血液系统7例（10.29%）；肌肉、骨骼系统4例（5.88%）；呼吸系统6例（8.82%）；消化系统例4例（5.88%）；泌尿系统3例（4.41%）；其他1例（1.47%）。不良反应发生率女性高于男性；21~65岁患者不良反应发生率最高；静脉给药的发生率高于口服给药；给药剂量为300毫克时的不良反应发生率高；联合用药的不良反应发生率较单独用药高。52例停药后减轻或消失，16例情况严重者均给予地塞米松、马来酸氯苯那敏、10%葡萄糖酸钙、维生素C等抗过敏药物对症治疗后，治愈11例，好转5例。结论左氧氟沙星所引起的不良反应可涉及全身各个器官与组织，用药时应该考虑患者年龄、性别、给药方式和用药剂量，尽可能减少不良反应的发生，做到合理用药，安全用药。

Objective To study the adverse reactions of levofloxacin and the rational use of drugs pre-admission. Methods To retrospectively analyze, arrange summarize the 68 cases of adverse reaction data of levofloxacin in emergency room of our hospital from June 2012 to June 2014. Results Of all the dverse reaction data of levofloxacin,there were anaphylactic shock in 12 cases（17.67%）,skin reaction in 22 cases （32.35%）,center and nervous system in 9 cases（13.23%）,cardiovascular and blood system in 7 cases（10.29%）,muscular and skeletal system in 4 cases（5.88%）,respiratory system in 6 cases（8.82%）,digestive system in 4 cases（5.88%）,urinary system in 3 cases（4.41%）and other reaction in 1 case（1.47%）.Of the dverse reaction,which was higher in females than males and highest in 21-65 aged patients,higher in patients with intravenous administration than oral administration and highest in patients with dosage of 300 milligrams,higher in patients with the drug combination than with the single drug.The dverse reaction in 52 cases was relieved or disappeared after stopping drug,while 11 cases were cured and 5 cases were improvement in the other 16 cases who were symptomatic treated with dexamethasone,chlorpheniramine maleate,10%calcium gluconate,Vitamin C and other anti-allergy drug. Conclusion Age,sex,administration methods and drug dosage of patients treated with levofloxacin whose adverse reaction could involve the whole body in each organ and tissue,should be considered to reduce adverse reaction, reasonable and safety use of drugs.