速度检波器与压电检波器相位差异分析及应用

Analysis and application of phase difference between velocity geophone and piezoelectric geophone

浅海勘探中"双检"检波器(速度检波器和压电检波器)接收已经得到广泛的应用,在资料处理过程中需要将两种检波器的资料进行合并,两种检波器的相位差异问题是合并处理的关键点之一.但是,一直以来对速度检波器和压电检波器之间是否存在相位差众说纷纭,对相位差的处理方法也各不相同.为了证明两种检波器相位差异的存在,本文通过速度检波器和压电检波器的试验进行了论证:在理论上通过不同检波器机电转换原理而跟踪不同的物理量(加速度、速度)分析了两种检波器的相位差异;通过试验所得地震单炮纪录的初至及波形对比、振动真值曲线对比、拟合振动方程对比证明了两种检波器相位差的存在、相位的差值以及两种检波器产生相位差异的原因,厘清了两种检波器在相位上的关系.用实际资料对比了"双检"合并处理过程中不同相位消除方法的区别:消除相位差合并处理能够提高资料的品质,消除相位差的方法中将"双检"资料转化到速度域内进行合并处理效果最好,可使资料品质得到较大的提高.

At present, ＂ dual sensor＂（Composes of Velocity Geophone and Piezoelectric Geophone） has been widely used during seismic exploration in shallow sea area.It is necessary to combine the data received by two different kinds of geophones in data processing.So the phase difference between the two sorts of geophones is one of the key points of data merge processing.However,there are many views on the existence of phase difference between them.And there are also many data processing methods about phase difference.To prove the existence of the phase difference between the two kinds of geophones,this paper demonstrate it by testing the velocity geophone and piezoelectric geophone.In theory,we track different physical parameters（acceleration,velocity） using electromechanical conversion principles between different geophones to analyze the phase difference between them.By comparing the first wave,waveform,the true vibration value curve,and fitted vibration equation of test single seismic shots,it is proved that there truly exists a phase difference between two kinds of geophones.We also get the true value of phase difference,find the reason of the existence and clarify the phase relationship between them.Additionally,in this paper,we compared the difference between various phase difference eliminating methods during real ＂ dual sensor＂ data merge processing.Then we find that：merge processing can improve the quality of the data,and by applying the method that transforms the ＂dual sensor＂ data into velocity domain while merge processing can get the best result,which would greatly improve the data quality.