厌氧活性污泥处理模拟尿液废水驯化实验研究

Acclimation Study of Anaerobic Process for Ersatz Urine Wastewater Treatment

目的针对载人航天任务过程中尿液废水的特点,研发无害化、资源化的微生物处理方法,探索厌氧微生物处理尿液废水的基本规律。方法设计并构建序批式厌氧微生物处理试验系统,进行厌氧微生物处理尿液废水驯化实验,考察有机氮和有机碳(organic carbon,TOC)的转化过程。结果 86 d的驯化运行试验表明,厌氧系统中尿素水解能力、TOC降解能力分别在8天和14天内达到最高水平;稳定运行期有机氮的氨化过程在4 h之内完成,转化率达到95%以上;而TOC的降解过程则一直持续到9 h,出水TOC小于20 mg/L,去除率超过90%。结论构建厌氧系统能快速完成对1/10浓度模拟尿液废水的驯化处理,所得结果可为尿液废水微生物处理系统厌氧单元的设计提供依据。

Objective To develop an eco-friendly and resource recyclable microbial method for treatment of urine wastewater generated in manned space mission,and explore the law of element transformation in urine anaerobic process. Methods A sequencing batch reactor（ SBR） was designed and acclimatized to treat the urine wastewater with the anaerobic microorganism. The release of ammonia and the degradation of organic carbon（ TOC） were also studied. Results Eighty-six days of acclimation operation showed that the urea hydrolysis and TOC degradation reached the highest performance within 8 days and 14 days respectively. During the stable operation period,the ammonia release process was completed in 4 h with release rate above 95%,while the TOC degradation lasted for 9 h with degradation rate above 90% and the effluent concentration below 20 mg / L. Conclusion The developed anaerobic system could be rapidly acclimatized to the 1 /10 concentration urine wastewater treatment,the research results could provide the design reference for anaerobic process unit of urine wastewater microbial treatment system.