中国工业行业能源效率变动及影响因素研究

Fluctuations of Industrial Energy Efficiencies and Influencing Factors in China

借助随机前沿生产函数和Kumbhakar模型,发现能源投入在1997—2011年中国工业增长中的贡献份额达到29.4%,反映出中国工业增长仍是以巨大的能源消耗作为代价。中国工业能源效率进步主要受益于结构效应改善,且各指数呈现"两头低、中间高"的变化趋势,反映出20世纪90年代中后期进行的大规模国有企业改革及出口导向型发展战略的实施促进了工业结构优化。基于系统矩估计的检验结果表明,中国轻工业技术前沿面上移主要得益于研发投入,而重工业技术前沿面上移主要得益于资本结构深化。

This article finds that the energy input contributed 29.4% to the industrial growth from 1997 to 2011 in China based on SFA and Kumbhakar model. This result indicates that the rapid industrial growth has caused the huge consumption of energy. The promotion of energy total factors productivity has benefited a lot from the structural effects. The trend of efficiencies presented high performances in the middle stage but poor performances at the beginning and the end, which can be attributed to the reform on the state-owned enterpri- ses from 1992 to 2001, as well as the implement of export-oriented strategies. Results of GMM indicates that the technical frontier was pushed forward by the R＆D in light industries, but by the deepening of capital in heavy industries. Suggestions on completing the mar- ket mechanism, optimization of the industry system and R＆D system were given in the end.