美国STEM学习生态系统的构建

The Building of STEM Learning Ecosystem in the USA

美国致力于提升STEM教育已近30年,但由于局限于单一的学校教育,多年来成效不甚显著。构建融正规教育、非正规教育与课外教育于一体,跨部门合作的STEM学习生态系统便被提上议事日程。STEM学习生态系统对于发挥不同环境的优点,为学生提供个性化、多样化的STEM学习具有无可比拟的优势;同时,它还与当前美国教育改革的前沿理念相契合。美国各地STEM学习生态系统的构建各有特色,而橘郡STEM计划和底特律地区科学与工程预科项目则是其出色的典范,这给我国基础教育改革提供了可资借鉴的启示。

The United States of America has been working on improving STEM education for nearly 30 years, however, due to their putting efforts exclusively on formal education, little development has been made. Therefore, construction of the STEM learning ecosystem is now on the agenda, which includes formal, informal and after-school programs with cross- department cooperation. It has great potential on making full use of the advantages of different learning backgrounds and providing students with individualized and diversified STEM learning experiences. Meanwhile, it＇s also in accordance with the frontier of American education reform. There are six major strategies for the construction of STEM learning ecosystems based on local advantages, and both the Orange County STEM Initiative and the Detroit Area Pre-College Science and Engineering Program are excellent examples of them. The construction of STEM learning ecosystem enlightens the basic education reform in China as well.