基于性别的初中生尝试吸烟行为影响因素研究

Associated factors with smoking initiation among secondary students in different gender

目的探索基于性别的青少年尝试吸烟行为影响因素,为制定针对此人群的控烟干预措施提供参考。方法通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取4 665名初中生进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般人口学特征,吸烟相关知识和态度、行为情况,被动吸烟和健康教育等。采用含潜变量的多群组路径分析方法进行统计分析。结果男生和女生的吸烟尝试率分别为18.5%和7.1%。"同伴吸烟"和"吸烟有害信念"分别是男生和女生尝试吸烟行为的最大影响因素,标准化总效应值分别为0.26和-0.24。"学校控烟教育"对女生的尝试吸烟行为产生消极效应(标准化总效应值为-0.01),而对男生不产生效应;"学校教职工吸烟"对男生"吸烟有益信念"的影响大于女生,标准化直接效应值分别为0.17和0.09。结论学校开展的控烟干预需将性别因素考虑其中,制定出综合性和针对性的干预措施。

Objective The aim of this study is to explore associated factors regarding gender differences in smoking initiation. Methods A total of 4 665 secondary students were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Questionnaire survey included demographic characteristics,tobacco-free related knowledge,attitude and behavior,smoking exposure at school and tobacco use prevention education.Multi-group path analysis with latent variable was used. Results The prevalence of smoking initiation was18.5% and 7.1% in boys and girls,respectively.For males and females,peer smoking and beliefs in the harmfulness of smoking had the greatest effect on smoking initiation,with standardized total effect size 0.26 and-0.24,respectively. Additionally,tobacco use prevention education had a negative association with smoking initiation among females（ standardized total effect size of-0.01） and had no effect on males.The effect of staff smoking on beliefs in the benefits of smoking in males was greater than that in females,with the standardized direct effect size of 0.17 and 0.09. Conclusion School-based tobacco control programs should take gender into consideration and be comprehensive in their approach.