宫调·诸宫调·元曲宫调——兼谈宫调与曲牌的关系

Gong Tunes·Literary Gong Tunes·Gong Tunes in Yuan Drama——On the relationship of Gong Tunes and Qu Tunes

古人所谓"宫调"从理论上讲,应该有八十四宫调,但实际应用的并没有这么多。在中国古代,宫调广泛运用于多种与音乐相关的艺术作品之中,而诸宫调和元曲都是其中最有代表性的艺术品种。同时,何种宫调适用于何种曲牌,也具有一定的规律性。因此,探讨宫调、诸宫调、元曲宫调之间的关系,进而探讨宫调与曲牌之间的关系,是一项很有价值的工作,也是深入研究诸宫调和元曲这两大艺术形式必须具备的基础。

Theoretically, there should be eighty-four types of Gong tunes, while much less than this number are applied in reality. Gong tunes were widespread in many kinds of art and literary works in the ancient China, of which ＂Literary Gong Tunes＂ and ＂Melodies ＆ Tunes in Yuan Dynasty＂ were the most typical types. Meanwhile, there are laws and rules when a certain kind of Gong Tunes mat- ches a specific type of Melody ＆ Tune in Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, it is worthy and valuable to study the relationship among Gong Tunes, Literary Gong Tunes and Gong Tunes of Melodies ＆ Tunes in Yuan Dynasty, further more, to discuss the link between Gong Tunes and Types of Melody is also significant, as it lays the foundation for further study on Melody Types and Melodies ＆ Tunes in Yuan Dynasty.