空巢老人卫生服务需求与利用及其影响因素的研究

Studying on the needs and utilization of health service of empty nesters and its influencing factors

目的:了解空巢老年人卫生服务需求与利用情况及其影响因素,为制定空巢老年人医疗保障措施、完善卫生服务管理和决策提供科学的依据。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取288例60岁以上空巢老年人作为研究对象,应用自行设计的调查表进行面对面的访谈。结果:空巢老人的两周患病率为38.54%;慢性病患病率为80.21%;两周就诊率为21.2%;近一年的住院率为22.2%;两周患病率影响因素有:受教育程度(χ2=10.027,P=0.018)、婚姻状况(χ2=9.436,P=0.009)、是否饮酒(χ2=4.800,P=0.028)、每天睡眠情况(χ2=17.122,P<0.001),差别均具有统计学意义;两周就诊率影响因素有:受教育程度(χ2=8.779,P=0.032)、每天睡眠情况(χ2=7.104,P=0.029),差别具有统计学意义。结论:应加大对空巢老人的卫生服务需求和利用的保障力度,同时加大对其各种影响因素的控制,在提高卫生服务整体水平的同时逐渐满足空巢老人合理的健康需求。

Objective To study the needs and utilization of health service of empty nesters and its influencing factors, and provide references for improving it. Methods 288 cases of empty nesters aged over 60 years were chosen by multi-stage random sampling, and surveyed with face-to-face interviews by self-designed questionnaire. Results The empty nesters＇ two-week prevalence was 38.54%. The prevalence of chronic diseases was 80.21%. Two-week visiting rate was 38.54%. And the hospitalization rate in a year was 22.2%. The influencing factors of two-week prevalence were education background, marital status ,whether drinking and sleeping quality. And the influencing factors of two-week visiting rate were education background and sleeping quality. Conclusion The empty nesters＇ needs and utilization of health service should be intensified. Its influencing factors should be controlled. Medical services should be improved to gradually meet their reasonable health needs.