营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇膳食质量影响的研究

Study on the effect of nutritional intervention on dietary quality of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇膳食质量的影响。方法选取2014年7-12月于湖南省妇幼保健院营养门诊首次进行营养咨询并接受营养干预的新患妊娠期糖尿病孕妇,共获得232例。采用孕妇膳食平衡指数DBI评分系统评价和比较营养干预对GDM孕妇膳食质量的影响。结果妊娠期糖尿病孕妇谷类食物、蔬菜水果摄入过量(DBI分别为3.29、-1.01),动物性食物、奶类和豆类、含铁丰富的食物、食物种类摄入不足(DBI分别为-7.31、-4.10、-3.32、-5.42)。接受营养干预后,GDM孕妇的膳食质量有较大改善,谷类食物、蔬菜水果摄入减少(DBI分别为0.98、-1.92),动物性食物、奶类和豆类、含铁丰富的食物、食物种类摄入增多(DBI分别为-2.01、-1.34、-1.84、0.78);从膳食质量状况的指标来看,负端分(LBS)从(16.5±5.9)下降到(9.1±3.2)(P<0.05)、正端分(HBS)从(4.4±2.8)下降到(2.6±2.0)(P<0.05)、膳食质量距(DQD)从(18.6±6.2)下降到(14.3±4.8)(P<0.05)。结论合理的营养干预能有效改善妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的膳食质量。

Objective To study the effect of nutritional intervention on the dietary quality of the pregnant women with gesta- tional diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods Totally, 232 newly diagnosed GDM women who asked for nutrition advice in the nutrition clinic of the Maternal and Child Hospital of Hunan Province for the first time from July to December, 2014 were recruit- ed. Their dietary quality was evaluated by diet balance index （DBI） scoring and evaluating system for pregnant women before and after nutritional intervention, and then was compared. Results The pregnant women with GDM had a seriously unbalanced diet, such ,as excessive intake of cereals, vegetables and fruits（with DBI scores of 3.29 and - 1.01, respectively）, and inade- quate intake of animal food, milk and beans, iron - rich foods and low food variety（with DBI scores of - 7.31, - 4.10, - 3.32 and - 5.42, respectively）. Their dietary quality improved after nutritional intervention. The scores for DBI of cereals, vegeta- bles and frnits were 0.98 and - 1.92 respectively. The scores for DBI of animal food, milk and beans, iron - rich foods, and food variety were - 2.01, - 1.34, - 1.84 and 0.78, respectively. When being assessed by the indicators of the status of dietary quality, the lower bound score （LBS） decreased from 16.5 ± 5.9 to 9.1 ± 3.2（P〈0.05）, and the higher bound score （HBS） decreased from 4.4 ± 2.8 to 2.6 ± 2.0（P〈0.05）. The dietary quality distance （DQD） decreased from 18.6 ± 6.2 to 14.3 ± 4.8（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Proper nutritional intervention can effectively improve the dietary quality of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.