超硬纳微米PVD涂层技术在刀具领域的应用及研究进展

Research Progress and Application of Superhard Nano-Micron PVD Coating Technology in the Cutting Manufacturing Area

介绍了物理气相沉积(PVD)技术的原理、特点和真空蒸镀、溅射镀和离子镀之间的优缺点,从二元涂层、多元涂层、多层涂层和纳米多层复合涂层等4种类别上介绍了PVD涂层技术在切削刀具上的广泛应用。在查阅和整理大量文献资料的基础上,也结合笔者多年从事PVD技术的研究与应用心得,从提高切削刀具的寿命这一重要角度出发,阐述了国内外超硬纳微米PVD涂层技术在切削刀具应用领域的研究进展,并对多元涂层、多层涂层及涂层的纳米化也进行了较为详细地论述。切削刀具表面采用物理气相沉积涂层技术能使刀具获得优异的综合性能,从而显著提高切削刀具的使用寿命,降低生产成本,大幅提高机械加工效率。最后展望了物理气相沉积涂层技术未来将在超硬切削(包括模具钢、淬硬钢等硬度超过HRC55以上的铣削加工)、难加工材料切削(包括高温合金、钛合金、不锈钢等)、石墨和碳纤维等复合材料加工和有色金属的高速切削加工(包括铝合金、铜合金、镍等)的广泛应用。

The paper introduced the principle,characteristics,and advantages and disadvantages of three methods of vacuum evaporation,sputtering and ion plating in physical vapor deposition（ PVD） technology,and introduced the PVD coating technology that is widely used in cutting tools by four categories of binary,multiple coatings,multilayer coatings and nano multilayer composite coating. Based on a large amount of literature,combined with the author＇s experience in the research and application of PVD technology for many years,the paper reviewed the research progress of superhard nano-micron PVD coating technology in the field of application of cutting tool from the most important perspective of improving the cutting tool life,and further discussed the multiple coating,multilayer coating and nanometer coating in details. Cutting tool surface with application of physical vapor deposition coating technology enabled the tool to obtain excellent overall performance,which significantly improved the life of cutting tools,reduced production costs,and increased the machining efficiency substantially. Finally,the paper forecasted the wide application of physical vapor deposition coating technology in composite superhard cutting（ including milling of mold steel,hardened steel whose hardness over HRC55）,cutting hard processing materials（ including high-temperature alloys,titanium alloy,stainless steel,etc.）,machining and processing composite materials of graphite and carbon fiber,etc. and high-speedily machining non-ferrous metals（ including aluminum,copper alloys,nickel,etc.） in the future.