东源县0～3岁儿童出生缺陷现状分析

Status Quo Analysis of Birth Defect in Children Aged 0 to 3 in Dongyuan County

目的：探讨东源县0～3岁儿童出生缺陷的现状，分析导致出生缺陷的危险因素，为制定相关干预措施，开展孕前优生健康检查提供科学依据。方法：选择东源县2010年1月至2012年12月有出生人口的家庭为研究对象。资料采集采用监测医院，计划生育全员系统，农村卫计基层站所综合采集。对目标人群采用地毯式入户排查，重点对象专家组会诊，问卷、咨询、体检、服务指导相结合模式进行。结果：共排查0～3岁儿童30603例，男16272人，女14331人，筛查出生缺陷儿童361例，出生缺陷发生率117．95／万。排在前5位的依次为：先天性心脏病、唇腭裂、多指（趾）、地中海贫血（不含水肿胎）、尿道裂。结论：出生缺陷发生率农村高于城市，大龄生育出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势，本地区先天性心脏病、地中海贫血患儿依然居高不下，地中海贫血防控形势严峻，开展孕前优生健康检查意义重大，优生意识要进一步加强，出生缺陷干预工作要纳入当地卫生计生工作总体规划。

Objective：To investigate the present situation of birth defects in children aged 0~3 in Dongyuan County and to analyze the hazards that leads to birth defects,which can offer a scientific basis for making the intervention measures and pre-pregnanThealth check.Methods：The families with newly-born population from January 1st,2010 to December 30th,2012 were chosen as objects of study.Data were collected by monitoring hospital,family planning overall system and rural health family planning stations.Blanket investigation was used for target groups.A combination mode of expert consultation,questionnaire,consulting,physical examination and service instruction was carried out for key groups.Re-sults：The number of 0~3 children investigated was 30603,including male 16 272,female 14 331.361 children with birth defects were screened out and the incidence of birth defects was 117.95/m.The top five types of birth defects were congenital heart disease,cleft lip and palate,polydactyly,the Mediterranean anemia （excluding edema fetus）and ure-thral crack.Conclusion：The incidence of birth defects in rural area was above the city.The incidence of birth defects of later motherhood was on the rise.The amount of children with congenital heart disease and the Mediterranean anemia in our region remains high.It is urgent to prevent from Mediterranean anemia.Pre-pregnancy health examination is of great significance.People＇s eugenics consciousness should be further strengthened.Intervention work about birth defects should be incorporated into the overall planning of the local health family planning work.