亚太地区安全架构的转型——内涵、趋势及战略应对

The Transformation of Asia-Pacific Security Architecture: Content, Tendencies, and Action Strategy

进入21世纪第二个十年后,亚太地区涌现出一系列新的安全矛盾,特别是国际社会高度聚焦的南海争端、钓鱼岛冲突以及中美战略竞争。笔者认为,当前亚太地区面临的安全挑战要复杂得多,其背后是正在渐获动力的亚太安全架构转型。从内涵上看,亚太安全架构的转型带来了四方面安全挑战:权势转移引发的安全竞争、领土领海争端的集中爆发、地区国家政治转型的安全后果以及经济全球化和社会信息化背景下的新型安全问题。尽管发展方向尚不明确,亚太安全架构的转型仍显现出两个重大趋势,即亚太地区的冷战结构正逐渐为一种后冷战结构所替代,亚太安全架构发展的核心驱动力正逐渐由美国主导转向由亚洲国家主导。要推动亚太安全架构朝向更加合理与自主的方向转变,亚太地区应进一步凝聚共识,积极打造符合21世纪和平发展特征的规则体系,推进地区安全合作机制建设,不断提高维护地区和平安全的能力,为真正承担起维护亚太和平安全的责任做好准备。

In the second decade of the 21 st century, a number of new security problems emerged in the Asia-Pacific region, especially the disputes in the South China sea, the confrontations over the Diaoyu Islands and the strategic competition between China and the United States, all of which have attracted persistent global attention. The author argues that the security challenges faced by the Asia-Pacific region is much more complicated than the above-mentioned simplified description, and the transformation of Asia-Pacific security architecture, which is gaining momentum, is the hidden reason. In terms of its content, the transformation of Asia-Pacific security architecture can be divided into four categories of security challenges: the security competition caused by power shift, the simultaneous appearance of disputes over territory and territorial waters, the security aftermath of political transformation of regional countries, and the new type of security challengesemerging with economic globalization and the informatization of society. Despite uncertainties in the future, the transformation of Asia-Pacific security architecture currently demonstrates two important tendencies: Firstly, the Cold War structure in the Asia-Pacific is being replaced by a post-Cold War structure, and secondly, the core driving force for the evolution of Asia-Pacific architecture is shifting from the United States to Asian countries. To make the Asia-Pacific security architecture more equitable and further determined by Asian countries, the region should work on consensus-making, build up a rule system adaptive to the peace and development requirements of the 21 st century, update the institutions on Asia-Pacific security issues, and enhance the capacity of defending regional peace and security. With all of the efforts, Asian countries may get ready to shoulder their responsibilities in the region.