宿主遗传因素对疫苗接种后免疫反应的影响

Influence of host genetic factors on immune response after vaccination

疫苗是当今世界预防感染性疾病的主要手段,在降低传染病的发病率和死亡率方面,几乎没有其他干预方式能够达到疫苗的效果。众所周知,机体对疫苗的反应与很多因素有关,包括年龄、性别、种族、身体质量指数、疫苗的质量、注射剂量以及注射方式等。但就同一种疫苗而言,机体的遗传因素在免疫应答中发挥着重要作用。研究表明,直接或间接参与免疫反应的各种基因,例如,宿主细胞膜上的病毒受体基因、先天Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)基因、细胞因子及其受体基因、人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因等,其单个变异或多个的变异均可能与疫苗所引起的免疫应答水平相关。本文就人群遗传因素与免疫反应的相关性作一综述。

With no other health intervention means could be rivaling,vaccine has got a profound influence on the reduction of morbidity and mortality in preventing infectious diseases worldwide. It is well known that the immune response to vaccines is associated with many factors,including age,gender,race,body mass index,quality of vaccine antigens,as well as dosage and method for injection. However,for a typical vaccine antigen being considered,the host genetic factors play an important role in the immune response to vaccine. Studies show that the single or multiple variation of a variety of genes directly or indirectly participating in immune response,such as the virus receptor genes on host cell membrane,innate Toll-like receptors（TLRs）,cytokine and its receptor genes and human leukocyte antigen（HLA）gene,may be related to the vaccine-induced immune response level. This review describes the correlation of host genetic factors and immune response after vaccination.