智能气囊小夹板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的生物力学研究

Biomechanical study of small splint with intelligent airbag for the treatment of unstable distal radius fracture

目的:评价智能气囊小夹板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的生物力学特性。方法:10只新鲜冷冻前臂取材于5具无骨病的尸体标本,随机制成模型A和模型B,分别用普通夹板与试验夹板固定,运用生物力学分析方法测量骨折稳定所需扎带与压垫的压强范围与两种夹板固定的生物力学特性。结果:1在最大生理载荷下两组比较,桡骨远端不稳定骨折在试验夹板固定下骨折断端应力强度和刚度值均高于对照组,但无显著差异;2试验组夹板对肢体加载的压强值高于对照组,而断端移位小于对照组,且差异均无显著差异;3试验夹板压强在27-28KPa下能快速、高效、安全地获得生物力学稳定;纠正骨折块1cm需调高气囊压垫压强10-12KPa;4试验组夹板扭转生物力学特性及耐屈曲循环力学性能均显著优于对照组夹板(P<0.05)。结论:智能气囊小夹板是治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折理想的外固定器械,符合新"动静结合理论",有效防止骨块再移位并可调节骨折对位。

Objective： To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of small splint with intelligent airbag for the treatment of unstable distal radius fracture.Methods：10 forearm were harvested from 5 fresh frozen cadaver specimens with no bone disease.The specimens were randomly assigned to model A and B,treated by traditional splints or experimental splints respectively,and using biomechanical method to assess fracture stability required to plunge into heat and pressure,the pressure range and the biomechanical characteristics of the two kinds of fixation.Results： 1At the end of fracture,the stress strength and rigidity under maximum physiological load in the experimental splints group was superior to the traditional splints group,but the difference was not significant in statstics.2 The pressure increased in fracture end was higher in the experimental splints group than the traditional splints group,however,the displacement of fracture end was just the reverse,and both differences were not significant in statstics; 3 In experimental splints group,pressure range from 27 to 28 KPa will achieve the biomechanical stablity with rapidly,efficiently and safely（including the mechanics characteristics）; bone fragments reduction of 1cm need to raise 10-12 KPa of airbag pressure; 4 The torsion biomechanical behavior and the ant-yeild cycle mechanical behavior in the experimental splints group were significantly superior to the traditional splints group（P〈0.05）.Conclusion： Small splint with intelligent airbag is an essential external fixation apparatus for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures,and this accords with the new ‘combination of static and dynamic theory＇,which can effectively prevent bone fragments displacement and improve fracture reduction.