文化非正式制度是外资企业生产的催化剂吗?——来自中国省际工业部门的经验证据

Is Informal Cultural System the Catalyst for Overseas-funded Enterprises' Production?Evidence from Industry Sectors of Chinese Provinces

外资企业能否适应中国的文化非正式制度关系到投资的成败,然而现有研究对此关注甚少。文章采用基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿分析(SFA)方法,测算并比较了2005-2012年中国大陆30个省份工业外资企业的生产技术效率,进而采用能够有效控制内生性问题的系统广义矩估计方法,考察了文化非正式制度及其他因素对外资企业生产技术效率的影响。研究发现:样本区间内中国工业外资企业的生产技术效率总体呈现下降趋势;但文化非正式制度和创新投入对外资企业的生产技术效率的提升具有显著的积极影响,且动态延续效应较为明显;出口对外资企业技术效率的提升不明显,而劳动成本的提升、两税合并政策对外资企业技术效率产生了消极影响。政府应关心外资企业生产状况,充分利用文化非正式制度催化剂的功能,积极促进外资企业与内资企业的文化交流,以提升外资企业的生产效率,保证经济健康、有序、和谐发展。

The adaptability of overseas-funded enterprises to informal Chinese cultural system is crucial to the success of investment.However,the existing research has not yet focused on the relationship between production technical efficiency of overseas-funded enterprises and informal cultural system.Using stochastic frontier analysis based on trans-log production function,this paper calculates and compares the production technology efficiency of overseas-funded enterprises in industry sectors in China＇s 30 provinces from 2005 to 2012,and then employs the system GMM method which can effectively control the endogenous problem to investigate the effects of informal cultural system and other factors on the production technical efficiency of overseasfunded enterprises.It comes to the conclusions as follows：firstly,the production technical efficiency of overseas-funded enterprises in Chinese industry sector during the sample period shows a downward trend;secondly,informal cultural system and innovation input play a significantly active role in the improvement of the production technical efficiency of overseas-funded enterprises,and the dynamic continued effect is very obvious;thirdly,the export does not play an obvious role in the improvement of overseas-funded enterprises＇ technical efficiency,and the increase in labor costs the policy concerning the consolidation of the taxes imposing on overseas-funded and domestic enterprises have negative influences on production technical efficiency of overseasfunded enterprises.The governments should be concerned about the production status of overseas？funded enterprises,make full use of informal cultural system as a catalyst and actively promote cultural exchanges between overseas-funded and domestic enterprises to promote the production efficiency of overseas-funded enterprises and guarantee healthy,orderly and harmonious economic development.