环渤海地区景观格局动态变化轨迹分析

Landscape Pattern Dynamic Analysis Based on Change Trajectory Method in Bohai Rim Area

对变化轨迹的目标、特征等进行了总结、归纳,提出变化轨迹斑块的意义,通过轨迹斑块将复杂的时空动态现象用二维图谱表示出来。同时,基于变化轨迹方法,对环渤海地区土地覆盖时空动态变化进行分析,并选取占所有发生变化面积91.25%的30种主要的变化轨迹,生成变化轨迹空间分布图谱,并结合格局指数进行分析。结果表明,(1)"耕地"属于人类干扰最为剧烈的地类,其变化主要表现在耕地的流失上;(2)"耕地"向"人工表面"的转换是研究区最大的变化类型,其中2005-2010年变化面积远大于2000-2005年,占用耕地进行开发建设现象更加严重;(3)"海域"向"人工表面"的转换主要发生在2005-2010年间,主要由人工围填海造成;(4)湿地面积总体上变化不大,但其转入、转出比例均较大,证明湿地内部变化剧烈,湿地的破坏和人工湿地的补充同时进行;(5)研究区内主要变化轨迹类型大都来源于人类的开发利用活动,人类干扰起了至关重要的作用。研究结果为研究区景观格局提供了清晰的时空动态刻画与分析,为有关部门在土地合理利用、耕地和生态用地保护等方面提供了基础数据和理论支撑。

The aim and the characteristics of change trajectory analysis and the significance of trajectory patches were summarized,which through the complicated spatio-temporal dynamic phenomenon could be transformed by two dimension maps.Used change trajectory method,the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of land cover was explored in Bohai Rim Area.Thirty kind of main change trajectories,which took 91.25%of the area of all the change trajectories,were selected to make the spatial distribution map of change trajectories.Pattern metrics were also applied as an aid for the spatial analysis.The results showed that,（1）＂farmland＂was a land type being most severely disturbed by mankind,and the main change for farmland was＂decrease of cultivated land＂;（2）The change from ＂farmland＂to ＂artificial surface＂was the change type with the largest area,and area change from 2005 year to 2010 year was much larger than that from 2000 year to 2005 year,which showed that in the latter period activities of development and construction were more intensive;（3）The change from ＂sea area＂to ＂artificial surface＂mainly took place in the latter period between 2005 year and 2010 year,and mainly resulted from seabed reclamation;（4）The whole change areaof wetland was not too much,while the ratios of input and output were both large,which showed that the destroy of wetland and the supplement of artificial wetland were carried simultaneously;（5）Most of the main change trajectories were triggered by those mankind development activities,and people＇s interference had taken key function in these changes.This research had provided a clear and dynamic characterization and analysis in space and time for landscape pattern changes in the study area.Study showed that with change trajectory method,change process could be connected with land patterns and through multi-dimension landscape pattern analysis,the relationship between the two could be quantitatively depicted.These results would supply basic data and theoretical support in the rational land use,cultivated land and ecological land protection for the relevant departments.