黄河下游滩区的开发利用与防洪安全问题

Development and Utilization of Floodplain and Flood Control Safety of the Lower Yellow River

黄河下游滩区地势平坦、土质肥沃、气候温和,对其开发利用是经济社会发展的必然要求,但是滩区在防洪中具有行洪、滞洪和沉沙三个主要功能,在黄河发生较大洪水时,必须为全局利益做出牺牲,因此滩区开发利用与保证防洪安全之间必然存在矛盾。此外,滩区基础设施薄弱、经济改革滞后,制约了经济社会发展。当前,应以我国大力推进工业化、城镇化和农业现代化为契机,改变滩区的农业生产方式,变农户个体经营为规模经营,变传统的农业生产方式为现代农业生产方式,大幅度减少从事农业生产的人口,让多数滩区农民转向二三产业并向城镇转移,努力实现滩区开发利用和防洪安全的新突破。

The floodplain is flat,fertile and moderate in climate in the lower Yellow River. Its development and utilization is the necessary require-ment of economic and social development. Otherwise,the floodplain shoulders the functions of flood flowing,flood detention and desilting. While large flood occurs,conflict exists between the development and utilization of floodplain and ensuring flood control safety. Besides,weak economic foundation and delayed economic reform of the floodplain restrict the development of economic society. At the moment of vigorously promoting indus-trialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization of our country,conventional agriculture on the floodplain should advance into modernized agriculture,in which scale operation will replace self-employed farmer cultivation. Agricultural population should be decreased greatly in order to realize the new breakthrough of development and utilization of floodplain and flood control safety while most floodplain farmers turn to the second and third industry and move to cities and towns.