潼关高含沙洪水特性分析

Analysis on Characteristics of Hyperconcentrated Flood at Tongguan Station

潼关1961-2011 年最大含沙量大于200 kg/ m3 的高含沙洪水共95 场,其中58 场洪峰流量为2 000 ～ 6 000m^3 / s,76 场水量为1 亿～16 亿m3 ,68 场沙量为1 亿～2 亿t.2000 年以来潼关高含沙洪水场次减少,洪峰流量减小,水量和沙量明显减小.潼关高含沙洪水71. 6%场次以龙门来水为主,9. 5%场次以渭河来水为主,18. 9%场次两者共同来水;龙门来沙为主的场次占40. 0% ,华县来沙为主的占37. 9% ,两者共同来沙的占22. 1% .潼关高含沙洪水悬移质中数粒径-般为0. 01 ～0. 04 mm,中数粒径随含沙量增大而增大,中沙、粗沙和细沙含沙量随总含沙量的增大而增大.

Based on the measured data from 1961 to 2011 at Tongguan Station,Characteristics of 95 hyperconcentrated floods,it’s the maximum concentration was more than 200 kg/m3 ,were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the peak discharges of 58 floods are 2 000~6 000 m3/s,and the runoff volumes of 76 floods are 0. 1~1. 6 billion m3 ,and the sediment amounts of 68 floods are 0. 1~0. 2 billion t. The flood frequen-cy,the peak discharge,and the amount of runoff and sediment are decreased significantly from 2000. The runoff volumes of 71. 8% floods at Tong-guan are mainly from Longmen,and it of 9. 5% floods is mainly from Huaxian,and it of 18. 9% floods combines from Longmen and Huaxian. The sediment amounts of 40. 0% floods at Tongguan are primarily from Longmen,and it of 37. 9% floods is primarily from Huaxian,and it of 22. 1%floods combines from Longmen and Huaxian. The medium grain sizes of suspended sediment are from 0. 01 to 0. 04mm,and it increases with the sediment concentrate. The concentrates of medium,coarse and fine particles increase linearly with the suspended sediment concentrate.