小浪底水库生态调度的内涵、目标及措施

Research on Ecological Scheduling of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

黄河调水调沙会改变水库及其下游河道的水文泥沙情势和生物生活环境,为此需要考虑相应的生态调度。根据生态调度研究进展,针对当前小浪底水库运行现状及其引起的生态环境问题,提出小浪底水库生态调度的总体构想,包括水库生态调度的内涵、目标和措施。生态调度的内涵是小浪底水库在水沙调度中要充分考虑河道(河床)生命和河流生物生命的水沙需求,将伤害减到最小,并逐步修复、长期维持其健康状态。总体目标是维持黄河健康生命,既要维持黄河河道(河床)生命的健康状态,又要维持河流生物生命的健康状态。具体措施有水库调度、维持河道基本生态流量、人造洪峰、控制低温水下泄、控制下泄水体气体过饱和和控制咸潮入侵等。

Water-sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir will have an effect on the reservoir itself,water and sediment conditions and habitats in the Lower Yellow River,so the ecological operation should be considered. Based on the present operation situation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,this article concluded the main problems existing in its operational process,and presented the main structure of ecological operation in Xiaolangdi Reser-voir,including the implication,goal and measures. The implication was to account for the water and sediment conditions of the river life and biolog-ical life under the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,and minimize damage to the river gradually and keep the river healthy. The goal was to keep both the Yellow River and biological diversity. The measures were to make reservoir operation,maintain the ecological basic flow of river channels, make peak flood artificially,curb the releasing of water with low temperature,control gas supersaturating of plunging flow and intrusion of saltwater.